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Analysis 1:<\/strong> Read through these records and make a list of the information that we can learn from this type of record.<\/p>\n\n

Analysis 2: <\/strong>Create a spreadsheet that records all of the dates noted in the records. How might we be able to use this information to discern information about the people whose lives are recorded in these registers.<\/p>\n\n

To develop a deeper understanding of what parish records can teach us, we will use the open source tool Gephi to build a basic social network.<\/p>\n\n

If you have not done so already, download and open Gephi<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\n
Gephi is a fairly straight forward program that helps reveal connections between records. To do social network analysis with Gephi, you need two types of information:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Nodes \u2013 the entities under examination \u2013 in our case, the people noted on the document<\/li>\n\t
Edges \u2013 the relationships between the nodes \u2013 in our case, (for example) baptisms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
For these religious acts, there are four types of relationships we will use:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Child: the relationship between a parent and child<\/li>\n\t
Spouse: the relationship between parents<\/li>\n\t
Godparent: the relationship between godparents and baptized person<\/li>\n\t
Act: the relationship between all people for whom their relationship is unknown (godparents and parents, for example)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
The word \u201cAct\u201d is used for relationships that are unclear. In these cases, all we know is that these two people appeared in the same record together; the record does not provide any additional information about the relationship between these nodes.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"a7247d4d-bee6-42b4-a861-afd349ae5f8c"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
Now, let\u2019s build up the files that we will need to import into Gephi to conduct our social network analysis. To do this, you will need to create several comma-separated value (CSV) files. It is easiest to do this in MS Excel. Just make sure that when you are saving your file, you make the file type .csv rather than using Excel\u2019s default setting. If you know how to build an Excel file, go ahead; if you\u2019re new to Excel, watch this quick video<\/strong><\/em> introduction to Excel.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"c6e451df-9ecd-4378-8b8e-c801e13fafb5"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"visuals":{"fit":true,"controls":true},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video is missing sources.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/rwbho0CgEAE","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Untitled Video"},"subContentId":"f934a7cf-bec4-445c-8e8f-109680fa69ea"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.15","subContentId":"0e36ec0d-7d2b-48e3-92c7-d82a0e1e8011","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Instructions"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"
To help better organize this information, we will use the first baptism in the transcriptions that we have provided to you as our example:<\/p>\n\n\n
\"On the first day of the month of June of the year seventeen hundred twenty-three I the undersigned Ren\u00e9 Charles de Breslay Missionary priest and parish pastor of Lisle de St. Jean and other dependencies and vicar general of Monsignor bishop of kebec baptized for lack of a parish priest and doing the curial functions of this parish of Beaubassin Joseph son of Michel Chikaguet sauvage Mikmaque and of Marguerite Bernard his wife aged about one month The godfather Guillaume sire inhabitant of this parish The Godmother Anne Blanchard wife of claude Bourgeois also inhabitant of the said parish which declared not to know how to sign, as required by the ordinance.\"<\/p>\n\n\n
To transform this record into information that is readable through Gephi, make a table like this that includes all of the information you know about each person. This will become the basis for your Node Attributes table. Be sure to save it as a .csv file (call it Beaubassin Node Attributes)<\/p>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tRecord<\/strong>\n\t\t\tID<\/strong>\n\t\t\tRole<\/strong>\n\t\t\tEthnicity<\/strong>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tJoseph\n\t\t\tBaptized\n\t\t\tM\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tMichel Chikaguet\n\t\t\tFather\n\t\t\tM\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tMarguerite Bernard\n\t\t\tMother\n\t\t\tM\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tGuillaume Sire\n\t\t\tGodparent\n\t\t\tF\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tAnne Blanchard\n\t\t\tGodparent\n\t\t\tF\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t1\n\t\t\tClaude Bourgeois\n\t\t\tSpouse of Anne Blanchard\n\t\t\tM\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n
One difference between this table and the record itself is that we have chosen to record Marguerite Bernard as Mi'kmaq. We have made this choice because Marguerite's identity is not otherwise noted. Though it might be more accurate to list her identity as uncertain, if you look at the next record we have transcribed, c\u00e9cile - wife of Fran\u00e7ois 8abniketch - it is clear that she is Mi'kmaq (though again without annotation). We have chosen to interpret the identity of ethically unidentified married partners and children as the same as their ethnically identified partners or parents. These are important decisions that need to be made in advance, in order to ensure your records are consistent and that your methods are transparent.<\/p>\n\n
As you build this table there are some records that provide more detail than what we have provided in this example. One good example is the role of the ondoi\u00e9. <\/em>This French word is difficult to translate. It refers to someone other than a Priest who performed a baptism. The term ondoiement<\/em> means \"emergency baptism.\" Give some consideration to how you will add people in this role to your tables.<\/p>\n\n
Once complete, you will want to standardize your records. To do this, click on the \"data\" tab at the top of your screen. Click on \"sort.\" In the menu, sort by \"Name.\" Now scroll through your records to ensure that there are no records that will lead to confusion. For any person with the same name but clearly two different people (such as the two Anne's in baptismal records 12 and 13), rename them using numbers to distinguish one person from the other. Because it is clear that this is not the same \"Anne\" being baptized, use the label \"Anne - 1\" for the person in Act 12 and \"Anne - 2\" for the person in Act 13. Keep note of these decisions in a separate file as you conduct your work. This way you will be able to remind your future self about the decision you made here. If you were doing a larger project, you would also want to consult the work of genealogists like Bona Arsenault and Stephen White.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"11940448-cd5c-4f20-a3b1-4a5a61566d2f"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"
\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
Record<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t ID<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t Role<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t Ethnicity<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Joseph<\/td>\n\t\t\t Baptized<\/td>\n\t\t\t M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Michel Chikaguet<\/td>\n\t\t\t Father<\/td>\n\t\t\t M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Marguerite Bernard<\/td>\n\t\t\t Mother<\/td>\n\t\t\t M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Guillaume Sire<\/td>\n\t\t\t Godparent<\/td>\n\t\t\t F<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Anne Blanchard<\/td>\n\t\t\t Godparent<\/td>\n\t\t\t F<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t Claude Bourgeois<\/td>\n\t\t\t Spouse of Anne Blanchard<\/td>\n\t\t\t M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n"},"library":"H5P.Table 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Table","license":"U","title":"Untitled Table"},"subContentId":"242d0e13-e3ed-4030-ab11-adca6496eac5"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.15","subContentId":"4792bbc7-80f3-42e6-9306-a92f863aba7d","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"2"}}],"behaviour":{"tabPlacement":"dynamic","tabSpread":70,"colorBackground":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)"},"l10n":{"tab":"tab","noContent":"There is no content to be displayed."},"a11y":{"tabLsist":"Choose a tab."}}

Record<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t	ID<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t	Role<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t\t	Ethnicity<\/strong><\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Joseph<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Baptized<\/td>\n\t\t\t	M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Michel Chikaguet<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Father<\/td>\n\t\t\t	M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Marguerite Bernard<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Mother<\/td>\n\t\t\t	M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Guillaume Sire<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Godparent<\/td>\n\t\t\t	F<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Anne Blanchard<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Godparent<\/td>\n\t\t\t	F<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
1<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Claude Bourgeois<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Spouse of Anne Blanchard<\/td>\n\t\t\t	M<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n"},"library":"H5P.Table 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Table","license":"U","title":"Untitled Table"},"subContentId":"242d0e13-e3ed-4030-ab11-adca6496eac5"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.15","subContentId":"4792bbc7-80f3-42e6-9306-a92f863aba7d","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"2"}}],"behaviour":{"tabPlacement":"dynamic","tabSpread":70,"colorBackground":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)"},"l10n":{"tab":"tab","noContent":"There is no content to be displayed."},"a11y":{"tabLsist":"Choose a tab."}}

LESSON 2.2: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH PARISH REGISTERS

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Kyle Mackie

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